Plucked string instruments
- Lyres: similar in appearance to a
small harp but with distinct differences, and it is known for its use
in Greek classical antiquity and later.
- Gittern:Small gut strung round-backed instrument that first appears in literature, similar to a modern guitar.
- Harp: Instrument which has a number of individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard, which are plucked with the fingers.
- Lute: Instrument having the strings running in a plane parallel to the sound table. It is of Arabic origin, and normally has 5 or 6 strings.
- Psaltery: It is a cross between a harp and a lyre.
- Cittern: Its flat-back design was simpler and cheaper to construct than the lute. It was also easier to play, smaller, less delicate and more portable. Played by all classes, the cittern was a premier instrument of casual music-making much as is the guitar.
- Rebec: It is a type of
medieval fiddle that has a round body that tapers into the neck and
culminates in a peg box or disk.
- Fidel: Instrument with oval shape body with 3 or 5 strings.
- Vielle: European instrument, similar to a modern violin but with a somewhat longer and deeper body, five strings, and a leaf-shaped pegbox with frontal tuning pegs, sometimes with a figure-8 shaped body.
- Hurdy-gurdy: Instrument with 4 strings played by rubbing a wheel over them. In Spain they are also called chifonías or zanfonas.
Flutes
- Pan pipes:Group of musical instruments based on
the principle of the closed tube, consisting of multiple pipes of
gradually increasing length (and occasionally girth).
- Files: It is a small, high-pitched, transverse flute, that is similar to the piccolo, but louder and shriller due to its narrower bore.
- Oboe: It is a musical
instrument that is shaped like a tube and that is played by blowing into a
small, thin piece at the top of the tube. It is soprano.
- Chirimia: It is a primitive oboe.
- Dulcimer: It is similar to the crumhorn and rauschpfeife, in having a windcap over the reed; unlike those instruments, it has a single reed (like a clarinet), resulting in a different timbre. It is a kind of Galician bagpipe.
- Bladder pipe or platerspiel: It is a loud instrument which has a reed which is enclosed by an animal bladder. It is a simplified bagpipe bladder for air and a horn with 6 holes.
- Bombard: It is a woodwind instrument, and a member of the oboe family, but with a more powerful sound than the oboe.
- Cornet: It is a brass instrument
very similar to the trumpet, distinguished by its conical bore, compact shape,
and mellower tone quality.
- Serpent: It is a distant
ancestor of the tuba, with a mouthpiece like a brass
instrument but side holes like a woodwind. It
is usually a long cone bent into a snakelike shape.
- Straight trumpet: Natural trumpet without finger holes, keys, slides or valves by which the pitch of an instrument might be altered.
- Sackbut: It is a type of trombone.
- Clarin trumpet: It is a valve less trumpet used in the 17th and 18th centuries for playing rapid passages in the high register.
- Horn: It is a brass instrument made of tubing more than 20 feet (6.1 m) long, wrapped into a coil with a flared bell.
- Organ:It is a keyboard instrument of one or
more divisions, each played with its own keyboard, played either with
the hands or with the feet.
- Portable organ: It is a woodwind instrument, and a member of the oboe family, but with a more powerful sound than the oboe.
- Bedon drums: It
is
a drum
with
snares
or
jingles.
- Cymbals: They consist of thin, normally round plates of various alloys such as bronze or brass. The majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch.
- Nacarios: It is a type of tymbal. It is formed mainly by a copper cauldron by a membrane.
- Bell sets:
- Darbukas: It is a single head membranophone with a goblet shaped body made of wood or ceramics played against the shoulder.
- Tejoletas: Rudimentary castanets made from pieces of tile.
- Tintirabulum:Type of jingle bell stick, of Roman origin.
- Triangles:
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